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《治安策》拼音版

两汉:贾谊

治zhì安ān策cè--贾jiǎ谊yì

臣chén窃qiè惟wéi事shì势shì,,可kě为wèi痛tòng哭kū者zhě一yī,,可kě为wèi流liú涕tì者zhě二èr,,可kě为wèi长zhǎng太tài息xī者zhě六liù,,若ruò其qí它tā背bèi理lǐ而ér伤shāng道dào者zhě,,难nán遍biàn以yǐ疏shū举jǔ。。进jìn言yán者zhě皆jiē曰yuē天tiān下xià已yǐ安ān已yǐ治zhì矣yǐ,,臣chén独dú以yǐ为wèi未wèi也yě。。曰yuē安ān且qiě治zhì者zhě,,非fēi愚yú则zé谀yú,,皆jiē非fēi事shì实shí知zhī治zhì乱luàn之zhī体tǐ者zhě也yě。。夫fū抱bào火huǒ厝cuò之zhī积jī薪xīn之zhī下xià而ér寝qǐn其qí上shàng,,火huǒ未wèi及jí燃rán,,因yīn谓wèi之zhī安ān,,方fāng今jīn之zhī势shì,,何hé以yǐ异yì此cǐ!!本běn末mò舛chuǎn逆nì,,首shǒu尾wěi衡héng决jué,,国guó制zhì抢qiǎng攘rǎng,,非fēi甚shén有yǒu纪jì,,胡hú可kě谓wèi治zhì!!陛bì下xià何hé不bù一yī令lìng臣chén得dé熟shú数shù之zhī于yú前qián,,因yīn陈chén治zhì安ān之zhī策cè,,试shì详xiáng择zé焉yān!!

夫fū射shè猎liè之zhī娱yú,,与yǔ安ān危wēi之zhī机jī孰shú急jí??使shǐ为wèi治zhì劳láo智zhì虑lǜ,,苦kǔ身shēn体tǐ,,乏fá钟zhōng鼓gǔ之zhī乐lè,,勿wù为wèi可kě也yě。。乐lè与yǔ今jīn同tóng,,而ér加jiā之zhī诸zhū侯hóu轨guǐ道dào,,兵bīng革gé不bù动dòng,,民mín保bǎo首shǒu领lǐng,,匈xiōng叙xù宾bīn服fú,,四sì荒huāng乡xiāng风fēng,,百bǎi姓xìng素sù朴pǔ,,狱yù讼sòng衰shuāi息xī。。大dà数shù既jì得dé,,则zé天tiān下xià顺shùn治zhì,,海hǎi内nèi之zhī气qì,,清qīng和hé咸xián理lǐ,,生shēng为wèi明míng帝dì,,没méi为wèi明míng神shén,,名míng誉yù之zhī美měi,,垂chuí于yú无wú穷qióng。。《《礼lǐ》》祖zǔ有yǒu功gōng而ér宗zōng有yǒu德dé,,使shǐ顾gù成chéng之zhī庙miào称chēng为wèi太tài宗zōng,,上shàng配pèi太tài祖zǔ,,与yǔ汉hàn亡wáng极jí。。建jiàn久jiǔ安ān之zhī势shì,,成chéng长zhǎng治zhì之zhī业yè,,以yǐ承chéng祖zǔ庙miào,,以yǐ奉fèng六liù亲qīn,,至zhì孝xiào也yě;;以yǐ幸xìng天tiān下xià,,以yǐ育yù群qún生shēng,,至zhì仁rén也yě;;立lì经jīng陈chén纪jì,,轻qīng重zhòng同tóng得dé,,后hòu可kě以yǐ为wèi万wàn世shì法fǎ程chéng,,虽suī有yǒu愚yú幼yòu不bù肖xiào之zhī嗣sì,,犹yóu得dé蒙méng业yè而ér安ān,,至zhì明míng也yě。。以yǐ陛bì下xià之zhī明míng达dá,,因yīn使shǐ少shǎo知zhī治zhì体tǐ者zhě得dé佐zuǒ下xià风fēng,,致zhì此cǐ非fēi难nán也yě。。其qí具jù可kě素sù陈chén于yú前qián,,愿yuàn幸xìng无wú忽hū。。臣chén谨jǐn稽jī之zhī天tiān地dì,,验yàn之zhī往wǎng古gǔ,,按àn之zhī当dāng今jīn之zhī务wù,,日rì夜yè念niàn此cǐ至zhì孰shú也yě,,虽suī使shǐ禹yǔ舜shùn复fù生shēng,,为wèi陛bì下xià计jì,,亡wáng以yǐ易yì此cǐ。。

夫fū树shù国guó固gù,,必bì相xiāng疑yí之zhī势shì也yě,,下xià数shù被bèi其qí殃yāng,,上shàng数shù爽shuǎng其qí忧yōu,,甚shén非fēi所suǒ以yǐ安ān上shàng而ér全quán下xià也yě。。今jīn或huò亲qīn弟dì谋móu为wèi东dōng帝dì,,亲qīn兄xiōng之zhī子zi西xī乡xiāng而ér击jī,,今jīn吴wú又yòu见jiàn告gào矣yǐ。。天tiān子zi春chūn秋qiū鼎dǐng盛shèng,,行xíng义yì未wèi过guò,,德dé泽zé有yǒu加jiā焉yān,,犹yóu尚shàng如rú是shì,,况kuàng莫mò大dà诸zhū侯hóu权quán力lì且qiě十shí此cǐ者zhě乎hū!!

然rán而ér天tiān下xià少shǎo安ān,,何hé也yě??大dà国guó之zhī王wáng幼yòu弱ruò未wèi壮zhuàng,,汉hàn之zhī所suǒ置zhì傅fù相xiāng方fāng握wò其qí事shì。。数shù年nián之zhī后hòu,,诸zhū侯hóu之zhī王wáng大dà抵dǐ皆jiē冠guān,,血xuè气qì方fāng刚gāng,,汉hàn之zhī傅fù相xiāng称chēng病bìng而ér赐cì罢bà,,彼bǐ自zì丞chéng尉wèi以yǐ上shàng徧biàn置zhì私sī人rén,,如rú此cǐ,,有yǒu异yì淮huái南nán、、济jì北běi之zhī为wèi邪xié??此cǐ时shí而ér欲yù为wèi治zhì安ān,,虽suī尧yáo舜shùn不bù治zhì。。

黄huáng帝dì曰yuē::日rì中zhōng必bì熭wèi,,操cāo刀dāo必bì割gē。。今jīn令lìng此cǐ道dào顺shùn,,而ér全quán安ān甚shén易yì;;不bù肯kěn早zǎo为wèi,,已yǐ乃nǎi堕duò骨gǔ肉ròu之zhī属shǔ而ér抗kàng刭jǐng之zhī,,岂qǐ有yǒu异yì秦qín之zhī季jì世shì乎hū!!夫fū以yǐ天tiān子zi之zhī位wèi,,乘chéng今jīn之zhī时shí,,因yīn天tiān之zhī助zhù,,尚shàng惮dàn以yǐ危wēi为wèi安ān,,以yǐ乱luàn为wèi治zhì,,假jiǎ设shè陛bì下xià居jū齐qí桓huán之zhī处chù,,将jiāng不bù合hé诸zhū侯hóu而ér匡kuāng天tiān下xià乎hū??臣chén又yòu以yǐ知zhī陛bì下xià有yǒu所suǒ必bì不bù能néng矣yǐ。。假jiǎ设shè天tiān下xià如rú曩nǎng时shí,,淮huái阴yīn侯hóu尚shàng王wáng楚chǔ,,黥qíng布bù王wáng淮huái南nán,,彭péng越yuè王wáng梁liáng,,韩hán信xìn王wáng韩hán,,张zhāng敖áo王wáng赵zhào,,贯guàn高gāo为wèi相xiāng,,卢lú绾wǎn王wáng燕yàn,,陈chén狶xī在zài代dài,,令lìng此cǐ六liù七qī公gōng者zhě皆jiē亡wáng恙yàng,,当dāng是shì时shí而ér陛bì下xià即jí天tiān子zi位wèi,,能néng自zì安ān乎hū??臣chén有yǒu以yǐ知zhī陛bì下xià之zhī不bù能néng也yě。。天tiān下xià肴yáo乱luàn,,高gāo皇huáng帝dì与yǔ诸zhū公gōng倂bìng起qǐ,,非fēi有yǒu仄zè室shì之zhī势shì以yǐ豫yù席xí之zhī也yě。。诸zhū公gōng幸xìng者zhě乃nǎi为wèi中zhōng涓juān,,其qí次cì仅jǐn得dé舍shě人rén,,材cái之zhī不bù逮dǎi至zhì远yuǎn也yě。。高gāo皇huáng帝dì以yǐ明míng圣shèng威wēi武wǔ即jí天tiān子zi位wèi,,割gē膏gāo腴yú之zhī地dì以yǐ王wáng诸zhū公gōng,,多duō者zhě百bǎi余yú城chéng,,少shǎo者zhě乃nǎi三sān四sì十shí县xiàn,,德dé至zhì渥wò也yě,,然rán其qí后hòu十shí年nián之zhī间jiān,,反fǎn者zhě九jiǔ起qǐ。。陛bì下xià之zhī与yǔ诸zhū公gōng,,非fēi亲qīn角jiǎo材cái而ér臣chén之zhī也yě,,又yòu非fēi身shēn封fēng王wáng之zhī也yě,,自zì高gāo皇huáng帝dì不bù能néng以yǐ是shì一yī岁suì为wèi安ān,,故gù臣chén知zhī陛bì下xià之zhī不bù能néng也yě。。

然rán尚shàng有yǒu可kě诿wěi者zhě,,曰yuē疏shū。。臣chén请qǐng试shì言yán其qí亲qīn者zhě。。假jiǎ令lìng悼dào惠huì王wáng王wáng齐qí,,元yuán王wáng王wáng楚chǔ,,中zhōng子zi王wáng赵zhào,,幽yōu王wáng王wáng淮huái阳yáng,,共gòng王wáng王wáng梁liáng,,灵líng王wáng王wáng燕yàn,,厉lì王wáng王wáng淮huái南nán,,六liù七qī贵guì人rén皆jiē亡wáng恙yàng,,当dāng是shì时shí陛bì下xià即jí位wèi,,能néng为wèi治zhì乎hū??臣chén又yòu知zhī陛bì下xià之zhī不bù能néng也yě。。若ruò此cǐ诸zhū王wáng,,虽suī名míng为wèi臣chén,,实shí皆jiē有yǒu布bù衣yī昆kūn弟dì之zhī心xīn,,虑lǜ无wú不bù帝dì制zhì而ér天tiān子zi自zì为wèi者zhě。。擅shàn爵jué人rén,,赦shè死sǐ罪zuì,,甚shén者zhě或huò戴dài黄huáng屋wū,,汉hàn法fǎ令lìng非fēi行xíng也yě。。虽suī行xíng不bù轨guǐ如rú厉lì王wáng者zhě,,令lìng之zhī不bù肯kěn听tīng,,召zhào之zhī安ān可kě致zhì乎hū!!幸xìng而ér来lái至zhì,,法fǎ安ān可kě得dé加jiā!!动dòng一yī亲qīn戚qī,,天tiān下xià圜huán视shì而ér起qǐ,,陛bì下xià之zhī臣chén虽suī有yǒu悍hàn如rú冯féng敬jìng者zhě,,适shì启qǐ其qí口kǒu,,匕bǐ首shǒu已yǐ陷xiàn其qí胸xiōng矣yǐ。。陛bì下xià虽suī贤xián,,谁shuí与yǔ领lǐng此cǐ??

故gù疏shū者zhě必bì危wēi,,亲qīn者zhě必bì乱luàn,,已yǐ然rán之zhī效xiào也yě。。其qí异yì姓xìng负fù强qiáng而ér动dòng者zhě,,汉hàn已yǐ幸xìng胜shèng之zhī矣yǐ,,又yòu不bù易yì其qí所suǒ以yǐ然rán。。同tóng姓xìng袭xí是shì迹jī而ér动dòng,,既jì有yǒu徵zhēng矣yǐ,,其qí势shì尽jǐn又yòu复fù然rán。。殃yāng祸huò之zhī变biàn未wèi知zhī所suǒ移yí,,明míng帝dì处chù之zhī尚shàng不bù能néng以yǐ安ān,,后hòu世shì将jiāng如rú之zhī何hé!!

屠tú牛niú坦tǎn一yī朝cháo解jiě十shí二èr牛niú,,而ér芒máng刃rèn不bù顿dùn者zhě,,所suǒ排pái击jī剥bō割gē,,皆jiē众zhòng理lǐ解jiě也yě。。至zhì于yú髋kuān髀bì之zhī所suǒ,,非fēi斤jīn则zé斧fǔ。。夫fū仁rén义yì恩ēn厚hòu,,人rén主zhǔ之zhī芒máng刃rèn也yě;;权quán势shì法fǎ制zhì,,人rén主zhǔ之zhī斤jīn斧fǔ也yě。。今jīn诸zhū侯hóu王wáng皆jiē众zhòng髋kuān髀bì也yě,,释shì斤jīn斧fǔ之zhī用yòng,,而ér欲yù婴yīng以yǐ芒máng刃rèn,,臣chén以yǐ为wèi不bù缺quē则zé折zhé。。胡hú不bù用yòng之zhī淮huái南nán、、济jì北běi??势shì不bù可kě也yě。。

臣chén窃qiè迹jī前qián事shì,,大dà抵dǐ强qiáng者zhě先xiān反fǎn,,淮huái阴yīn王wáng楚chǔ最zuì强qiáng,,则zé最zuì先xiān反fǎn;;韩hán信xìn倚yǐ胡hú,,则zé又yòu反fǎn;;贯guàn高gāo因yīn赵zhào资zī,,则zé又yòu反fǎn;;陈chén狶xī兵bīng精jīng,,则zé又yòu反fǎn;;彭péng越yuè用yòng梁liáng,,则zé又yòu反fǎn;;黥qíng布bù用yòng淮huái南nán,,则zé又yòu反fǎn;;卢lú绾wǎn最zuì弱ruò,,最zuì后hòu反fǎn。。长zhǎng沙shā乃nǎi在zài二èr万wàn五wǔ千qiān户hù耳ěr,,功gōng少shǎo而ér最zuì完wán,,势shì疏shū而ér最zuì忠zhōng,,非fēi独dú性xìng异yì人rén也yě,,亦yì形xíng势shì然rán也yě。。曩nǎng令lìng樊fán、、郦lì、、绛jiàng、、灌guàn据jù数shù十shí城chéng而ér王wáng,,今jīn虽suī以yǐ残cán亡wáng可kě也yě;;令lìng信xìn、、越yuè之zhī伦lún列liè为wèi彻chè侯hóu而ér居jū,,虽suī至zhì今jīn存cún可kě也yě。。

然rán则zé天tiān下xià之zhī大dà计jì可kě知zhī已yǐ。。欲yù诸zhū王wáng之zhī皆jiē忠zhōng附fù,,则zé莫mò若ruò令lìng如rú长zhǎng沙shā王wáng,,欲yù臣chén子zi之zhī勿wù菹jū醢hǎi,,则zé莫mò若ruò令lìng如rú樊fán郦lì等děng;;欲yù天tiān下xià之zhī治zhì安ān,,莫mò若ruò众zhòng建jiàn诸zhū侯hóu而ér少shǎo其qí力lì。。力lì少shǎo则zé易yì使shǐ以yǐ义yì,,国guó小xiǎo则zé亡wáng邪xié心xīn。。令lìng海hǎi内nèi之zhī势shì如rú身shēn之zhī使shǐ臂bì,,臂bì之zhī使shǐ指zhǐ,,莫mò不bù制zhì从cóng。。诸zhū侯hóu之zhī君jūn不bù敢gǎn有yǒu异yì心xīn,,辐fú凑còu并bìng进jìn而ér归guī命mìng天tiān子zi,,虽suī在zài细xì民mín,,且qiě知zhī其qí安ān,,故gù天tiān下xià咸xián知zhī陛bì下xià之zhī明míng。。割gē地dì定dìng制zhì,,令lìng齐qí、、赵zhào、、楚chǔ各gè为wèi若ruò干gàn国guó,,使shǐ悼dào惠huì王wáng、、幽yōu王wáng、、元yuán王wáng之zhī子zi孙sūn毕bì以yǐ次cì各gè受shòu祖zǔ之zhī分fēn地dì,,地dì尽jǐn而ér止zhǐ,,及jí燕yàn、、梁liáng它tā国guó皆jiē然rán。。其qí分fēn地dì众zhòng而ér子zi孙sūn少shǎo者zhě,,建jiàn以yǐ为wèi国guó,,空kōng而ér置zhì之zhī,,须xū其qí子zi孙sūn生shēng者zhě,,举jǔ使shǐ君jūn之zhī。。诸zhū侯hóu之zhī地dì其qí削xuē颇pō入rù汉hàn者zhě,,为wèi徙xǐ其qí侯hóu国guó,,及jí封fēng其qí子zi孙sūn也yě,,所suǒ以yǐ数shù偿cháng之zhī;;一yī寸cùn之zhī地dì,,一yī人rén之zhī众zhòng,,天tiān子zi亡wáng所suǒ利lì焉yān,,诚chéng以yǐ定dìng治zhì而ér已yǐ,,故gù天tiān下xià咸xián知zhī陛bì下xià之zhī廉lián。。地dì制zhì壹yī定dìng,,宗zōng室shì子zi孙sūn莫mò虑lǜ不bù王wáng,,下xià无wú倍bèi畔pàn之zhī心xīn,,上shàng无wú诛zhū伐fá之zhī志zhì,,故gù天tiān下xià咸xián知zhī陛bì下xià之zhī仁rén。。法fǎ立lì而ér不bù犯fàn,,令lìng行xíng而ér不bù逆nì,,贯guàn高gāo、、利lì几jǐ之zhī谋móu不bù生shēng,,柴chái奇qí、、开kāi章zhāng不bù计jì不bù萌méng,,细xì民mín乡xiāng善shàn,,大dà臣chén致zhì顺shùn,,故gù天tiān下xià咸xián知zhī陛bì下xià之zhī义yì。。卧wò赤chì子zi天tiān下xià之zhī上shàng而ér安ān,,植zhí遗yí腹fù,,朝cháo委wěi裘qiú,,而ér天tiān下xià不bù乱luàn。。当dāng时shí大dà治zhì,,后hòu世shì诵sòng圣shèng。。壹yī动dòng而ér五wǔ业yè附fù,,陛bì下xià谁shuí惮dàn而ér久jiǔ不bù为wèi此cǐ??

天tiān下xià之zhī势shì方fāng病bìng大dà瘇zhǒng。。一yī胫jìng之zhī大dà几jǐ如rú要yào,,一yī指zhǐ之zhī大dà几jǐ如rú股gǔ,,平píng居jū不bù可kě屈qū信xìn,,一yī二èr指zhǐ搐chù,,身shēn虑lǜ亡wáng聊liáo。。失shī今jīn不bù治zhì,,必bì为wèi锢gù疾jí,,后hòu虽suī有yǒu扁biǎn鹊què,,不bù能néng为wèi已yǐ。。病bìng非fēi徒tú瘇zhǒng也yě,,又yòu苦kǔ蹠zhí戾lì。。元yuán王wáng之zhī子zi,,帝dì之zhī从cóng弟dì也yě,,今jīn之zhī王wáng者zhě,,从cóng弟dì之zhī子zi也yě。。惠huì王wáng之zhī子zi,,亲qīn兄xiōng子zi也yě;;今jīn之zhī王wáng者zhě,,兄xiōng子zi之zhī子zi也yě。。亲qīn者zhě或huò亡wáng分fēn地dì以yǐ安ān天tiān下xià,,疏shū者zhě或huò制zhì大dà权quán以yǐ逼bī天tiān子zi,,臣chén故gù曰yuē非fēi徒tú病bìng瘇zhǒng也yě,,又yòu苦kǔ蹠zhí戾lì。。可kě痛tòng哭kū者zhě,,此cǐ病bìng是shì也yě。。

天tiān下xià之zhī势shì方fāng倒dào县xiàn。。凡fán天tiān子zi者zhě,,天tiān下xià之zhī首shǒu,,何hé也yě??上shàng也yě。。蛮mán夷yí者zhě,,天tiān下xià之zhī足zú,,何hé也yě??下xià也yě。。今jīn匈xiōng奴nú嫚mān娒méi侵qīn掠lüè,,至zhì不bù敬jìng也yě,,为wèi天tiān下xià患huàn,,至zhì亡wáng已yǐ也yě,,而ér汉hàn岁suì金jīn絮xù采cǎi缯zēng以yǐ奉fèng之zhī。。夷yí狄dí征zhēng令lìng,,是shì主zhǔ上shàng之zhī操cāo也yě;;天tiān子zi共gòng贡gòng,,是shì臣chén下xià之zhī礼lǐ也yě。。足zú反fǎn居jū上shàng,,首shǒu顾gù居jū下xià,,倒dào县xiàn如rú此cǐ,,莫mò之zhī能néng解jiě,,犹yóu为wèi国guó有yǒu人rén乎hū??非fēi亶dǎn倒dào县xiàn而ér已yǐ,,又yòu类lèi辟pì,,且qiě病bìng痱fèi。。夫fū辟pì者zhě一yī面miàn病bìng,,痱fèi者zhě一yī方fāng痛tòng。。今jīn西xī边biān北běi边biān之zhī郡jùn,,虽suī有yǒu长zhǎng爵jué不bù轻qīng得dé复fù,,五wǔ尺chǐ以yǐ上shàng不bù轻qīng得dé息xī,,斥chì候hòu望wàng烽fēng燧suì不bù得dé卧wò,,将jiāng吏lì被bèi介jiè胄zhòu而ér睡shuì,,臣chén故gù曰yuē一yī方fāng病bìng矣yǐ。。医yī能néng治zhì之zhī,,而ér上shàng不bù使shǐ,,可kě为wèi流liú涕tì者zhě此cǐ也yě。。

陛bì下xià何hé忍rěn以yǐ帝dì皇huáng之zhī号hào为wèi戎róng人rén诸zhū侯hóu,,势shì既jì卑bēi辱rǔ,,而ér祸huò不bù息xī,,长zhǎng此cǐ安ān穷qióng!!进jìn谋móu者zhě率lǜ以yǐ为wèi是shì,,固gù不bù可kě解jiě也yě,,亡wáng具jù甚shén矣yǐ。。臣chén窃qiè料liào匈xiōng奴nú之zhī众zhòng不bù过guò汉hàn一yī大dà县xiàn,,以yǐ天tiān下xià之zhī大dà困kùn于yú一yī县xiàn之zhī众zhòng,,甚shén为wèi执zhí事shì者zhě羞xiū之zhī。。陛bì下xià何hé不bù试shì以yǐ臣chén为wèi属shǔ国guó之zhī官guān以yǐ主zhǔ匈xiōng奴nú??行xíng臣chén之zhī计jì,,请qǐng必bì系xì单dān于yú之zhī颈jǐng而ér制zhì其qí命mìng,,伏fú中zhōng行xíng说shuō而ér笞chī其qí背bèi,,举jǔ匈xiōng奴nú之zhī众zhòng唯wéi上shàng之zhī令lìng。。今jīn不bù猎liè猛měng敌dí而ér猎liè田tián彘zhì,,不bù搏bó反fǎn寇kòu而ér搏bó畜chù菟tú,,玩wán细xì娱yú而ér不bù图tú大dà患huàn,,非fēi所suǒ以yǐ为wèi安ān也yě。。德dé可kě远yuǎn施shī,,威wēi可kě远yuǎn加jiā,,而ér直zhí数shù百bǎi里lǐ外wài威wēi令lìng不bù信xìn,,可kě为wèi流liú涕tì者zhě此cǐ也yě。。

今jīn民mín卖mài僮tóng者zhě,,为wèi之zhī绣xiù衣yī丝sī履lǚ偏piān诸zhū缘yuán,,内nèi之zhī闲xián中zhōng,,是shì古gǔ天tiān子zi后hòu服fú,,所suǒ以yǐ庙miào而ér不bù宴yàn者zhě也yě,,而ér庶shù人rén得dé以yǐ衣yī婢bì妾qiè。。白bái縠hú之zhī表biǎo,,薄báo纨wán之zhī里lǐ,,以yǐ偏piān诸zhū,,美měi者zhě黼fǔ绣xiù,,是shì古gǔ天tiān子zi之zhī服fú,,今jīn富fù人rén大dà贾jiǎ嘉jiā会huì召zhào客kè者zhě以yǐ被bèi墙qiáng。。古gǔ者zhě以yǐ奉fèng一yī帝dì一yī后hòu而ér节jié适shì,,今jīn庶shù人rén屋wū壁bì得dé为wèi帝dì服fú,,倡chàng优yōu下xià贱jiàn得dé为wèi后hòu饰shì,,然rán而ér天tiān下xià不bù屈qū者zhě,,殆dài未wèi有yǒu也yě。。且qiě帝dì之zhī身shēn自zì衣yī皁zào绨tí,,而ér富fù民mín墙qiáng屋wū被bèi文wén绣xiù;;天tiān子zi之zhī后hòu以yǐ缘yuán其qí领lǐng,,庶shù人rén孽niè妾qiè缘yuán其qí履lǚ::此cǐ臣chén所suǒ谓wèi舛chuǎn也yě。。夫fū百bǎi人rén作zuò之zhī不bù能néng衣yī一yī人rén,,欲yù天tiān下xià亡wáng寒hán,,胡hú可kě得dé也yě??一yī人rén耕gēng之zhī,,十shí人rén聚jù而ér食shí之zhī,,欲yù天tiān下xià亡wáng饥jī,,不bù可kě得dé也yě。。饥jī寒hán切qiè于yú民mín之zhī肌jī肤fū,,欲yù其qí亡wáng为wèi奸jiān邪xié,,不bù可kě得dé也yě。。国guó已yǐ屈qū矣yǐ,,盗dào贼zéi直zhí须xū时shí耳ěr,,然rán而ér献xiàn计jì者zhě曰yuē毋wú动dòng,,为wèi大dà耳ěr。。夫fū俗sú至zhì大dà不bù敬jìng也yě,,至zhì亡wáng等děng也yě,,至zhì冒mào上shàng也yě,,进jìn计jì者zhě犹yóu曰yuē毋wú为wèi,,可kě为wèi长zhǎng太tài息xī者zhě此cǐ也yě。。

商shāng君jūn遗yí礼lǐ义yì,,弃qì仁rén恩ēn,,并bìng心xīn于yú进jìn取qǔ。。行xíng之zhī二èr岁suì,,秦qín俗sú日rì败bài。。故gù秦qín人rén家jiā富fù子zi壮zhuàng则zé出chū分fēn,,家jiā贫pín子zi壮zhuàng则zé出chū赘zhuì。。借jiè父fù耰yōu鉏chú,,虑lǜ有yǒu德dé色sè;;母mǔ取qǔ箕jī帚zhǒu,,立lì而ér谇suì语yǔ。。抱bào哺bǔ其qí于yú,,与yǔ公gōng并bìng倨jù;;妇fù姑gū不bù相xiāng说shuō,,则zé反fǎn唇chún而ér相xiāng稽jī。。其qí慈cí子zi耆qí利lì,,不bù同tóng禽qín兽shòu者zhě亡wáng几jǐ耳ěr。。然rán并bìng心xīn而ér赴fù时shí犹yóu曰yuē蹶jué六liù国guó,,兼jiān天tiān下xià。。功gōng成chéng求qiú得dé矣yǐ,,终zhōng不bù知zhī反fǎn廉lián愧kuì之zhī节jié,,仁rén义yì之zhī厚hòu。。信xìn并bìng兼jiān之zhī法fǎ,,遂suì进jìn取qǔ之zhī业yè,,天tiān下xià大dà败bài,,众zhòng掩yǎn寡guǎ,,智zhì欺qī愚yú,,勇yǒng威wēi怯qiè,,壮zhuàng陵líng衰shuāi,,其qí乱luàn至zhì矣yǐ,,是shì以yǐ大dà贤xián起qǐ之zhī,,威wēi震zhèn海hǎi内nèi,,德dé从cóng天tiān下xià。。曩nǎng之zhī为wèi秦qín者zhě,,今jīn转zhuǎn而ér为wèi汉hàn矣yǐ。。然rán其qí遗yí风fēng余yú俗sú,,犹yóu尚shàng未wèi改gǎi。。今jīn世shì以yǐ侈chǐ靡mí相xiāng竞jìng,,而ér上shàng亡wáng制zhì度dù,,弃qì礼lǐ谊yì,,捐juān廉lián耻chǐ日rì甚shén,,可kě谓wèi月yuè异yì而ér岁suì不bù同tóng矣yǐ。。逐zhú利lì不bù耳ěr,,虑lǜ非fēi顾gù行xíng也yě,,今jīn其qí甚shén者zhě杀shā父fù兄xiōng矣yǐ。。盗dào者zhě剟duō寝qǐn户hù之zhī帘lián,,搴qiān两liǎng庙miào之zhī器qì,,白bái昼zhòu大dà都dōu之zhī中zhōng剽piāo吏lì而ér夺duó之zhī金jīn。。矫jiǎo伪wěi者zhě出chū几jǐ十shí万wàn石shí粟sù,,赋fù六liù百bǎi余yú万wàn钱qián,,乘chéng传chuán而ér行xíng郡jùn国guó,,此cǐ其qí亡wáng行xíng义yì之zhī尤yóu至zhì者zhě也yě。。而ér大dà臣chén特tè以yǐ簿bù书shū不bù报bào,,期qī会huì之zhī间jiān,,以yǐ为wèi大dà故gù。。至zhì于yú俗sú流liú失shī,,世shì坏huài败bài,,因yīn恬tián而ér不bù知zhī怪guài,,虑lǜ不bù动dòng于yú耳ěr目mù,,以yǐ为wèi是shì适shì然rán耳ěr。。夫fū移yí风fēng易yì俗sú,,使shǐ天tiān下xià回huí心xīn而ér乡xiāng道dào,,类lèi非fēi俗sú吏lì之zhī所suǒ能néng为wèi也yě。。俗sú吏lì之zhī所suǒ务wù,,在zài于yú刀dāo笔bǐ筐kuāng箧qiè,,而ér不bù知zhī大dà体tǐ。。陛bì下xià又yòu不bù自zì忧yōu,,窃qiè为wèi陛bì下xià惜xī之zhī。。

夫fū立lì君jūn臣chén,,等děng上shàng下xià,,使shǐ父fù子zi有yǒu礼lǐ,,六liù亲qīn有yǒu纪jì,,此cǐ非fēi天tiān之zhī所suǒ为wèi,,人rén之zhī所suǒ设shè也yě。。夫fū人rén之zhī所suǒ设shè,,不bù为wèi不bù立lì,,不bù植zhí则zé僵jiāng,,不bù修xiū则zé坏huài。。《《管guǎn子zi》》曰yuē::礼lǐ义yì廉lián耻chǐ,,是shì谓wèi四sì维wéi;;四sì维wéi不bù张zhāng,,国guó乃nǎi灭miè亡wáng。。使shǐ管guǎn子zi愚yú人rén也yě则zé可kě,,管guǎn子zi而ér少shǎo知zhī治zhì体tǐ,,则zé是shì岂qǐ可kě不bù为wèi寒hán心xīn哉zāi!!秦qín灭miè四sì维wéi而ér不bù张zhāng,,故gù君jūn臣chén乖guāi乱luàn,,六liù亲qīn殃yāng戮lù,,奸jiān人rén并bìng起qǐ,,万wàn民mín离lí叛pàn,,凡fán十shí三sān岁suì,,而ér社shè稷jì为wèi虚xū。。今jīn四sì维wéi犹yóu未wèi备bèi也yě,,故gù奸jiān人rén几jǐ幸xìng,,而ér众zhòng心xīn疑yí惑huò。。岂qǐ如rú今jīn定dìng经jīng制zhì,,令lìng君jūn君jūn臣chén臣chén,,上shàng下xià有yǒu差chà,,父fù子zi六liù亲qīn各gè得dé其qí宜yí,,奸jiān人rén亡wáng所suǒ几jǐ幸xìng,,而ér群qún臣chén众zhòng信xìn,,是shì不bù疑yí惑huò!!此cǐ业yè一yī定dìng,,世shì世shì常cháng安ān,,而ér后hòu有yǒu所suǒ持chí循xún矣yǐ。。若ruò夫fū经jīng制zhì不bù定dìng,,是shì犹yóu度dù江jiāng河hé亡wáng维wéi楫jí,,中zhōng流liú而ér遇yù风fēng波bō,,舩chuán必bì覆fù矣yǐ。。可kě为wèi长zhǎng太tài息xī者zhě此cǐ也yě。。

夏xià为wèi天tiān子zi,,十shí有yǒu余yú世shì,,而ér殷yīn受shòu之zhī。。殷yīn为wèi天tiān子zi,,二èr十shí余yú世shì,,而ér周zhōu受shòu之zhī。。周zhōu为wèi天tiān子zi,,三sān十shí余yú世shì,,而ér秦qín受shòu之zhī。。秦qín为wèi天tiān子zi,,二èr世shì而ér亡wáng。。人rén性xìng不bù甚shén相xiāng远yuǎn也yě,,何hé三sān代dài之zhī君jūn有yǒu道dào之zhī长zhǎng,,而ér秦qín无wú道dào之zhī暴bào也yě??其qí故gù可kě知zhī也yě。。古gǔ之zhī王wáng者zhě,,太tài子zi乃nǎi生shēng,,固gù举jǔ以yǐ礼lǐ,,使shǐ士shì负fù之zhī,,有yǒu司sī齐qí肃sù端duān冕miǎn,,见jiàn之zhī南nán郊jiāo,,见jiàn于yú天tiān也yě。。过guò阙quē则zé下xià,,过guò庙miào则zé趋qū,,孝xiào子zi之zhī道dào也yě。。故gù自zì为wèi赤chì子zi而ér教jiào固gù已yǐ行xíng矣yǐ。。昔xī者zhě成chéng王wáng幼yòu在zài襁qiǎng抱bào之zhī中zhōng,,召zhào公gōng为wèi太tài保bǎo,,周zhōu公gōng为wèi太tài傅fù,,太tài公gōng为wèi太tài师shī。。保bǎo,,保bǎo其qí身shēn体tǐ;;傅fù,,传chuán之zhī德dé义yì;;师shī,,道dào之zhī教jiào训xùn::此cǐ三sān公gōng之zhī职zhí也yě。。于yú是shì为wèi置zhì三sān少shǎo,,皆jiē上shàng大dà夫fū也yě,,曰yuē少shǎo保bǎo、、少shǎo傅fù、、少shǎo师shī,,是shì与yǔ太tài子zi宴yàn者zhě也yě。。故gù乃nǎi孩hái子zi提tí有yǒu识shí,,三sān公gōng、、三sān少shǎo固gù明míng孝xiào仁rén礼lǐ义yì以yǐ道dào习xí之zhī,,逐zhú去qù邪xié人rén,,不bù使shǐ见jiàn恶è行xíng。。于yú是shì皆jiē选xuǎn天tiān下xià之zhī端duān士shì孝xiào悌tì博bó闻wén有yǒu道dào术shù者zhě以yǐ卫wèi翼yì之zhī,,使shǐ与yǔ太tài子zi居jū处chù出chū入rù。。故gù太tài子zi乃nǎi生shēng而ér见jiàn正zhèng事shì,,闻wén正zhèng言yán,,行xíng正zhèng道dào,,左zuǒ右yòu前qián后hòu皆jiē正zhèng人rén也yě。。夫fū习xí与yǔ正zhèng人rén居jū之zhī,,不bù能néng毋wú正zhèng,,犹yóu生shēng长zhǎng于yú齐qí不bù能néng不bù齐qí言yán也yě;;习xí与yǔ不bù正zhèng人rén居jū之zhī,,不bù能néng毋wú不bù正zhèng,,犹yóu生shēng长zhǎng于yú楚chǔ之zhī地dì不bù能néng不bù楚chǔ言yán也yě。。故gù择zé其qí所suǒ耆qí,,必bì先xiān受shòu业yè,,乃nǎi得dé尝cháng之zhī;;择zé其qí所suǒ乐lè,,必bì先xiān有yǒu习xí,,乃nǎi得dé为wèi之zhī。。孔kǒng子zi曰yuē::少shǎo成chéng若ruò天tiān性xìng,,习xí贯guàn如rú自zì然rán。。及jí太tài子zi少shǎo长zhǎng,,知zhī妃fēi色sè,,则zé入rù于yú学xué。。学xué者zhě,,所suǒ学xué之zhī官guān也yě。。《《学xué礼lǐ》》曰yuē::帝dì入rù东dōng学xué,,上shàng亲qīn而ér贵guì仁rén,,则zé亲qīn疏shū有yǒu序xù而ér恩ēn相xiāng及jí矣yǐ;;帝dì入rù南nán学xué,,上shàng齿chǐ而ér贵guì信xìn,,则zé长zhǎng幼yòu有yǒu差chà而ér民mín不bù诬wū矣yǐ;;帝dì入rù西xī学xué,,上shàng贤xián而ér贵guì德dé,,则zé圣shèng智zhì在zài位wèi而ér功gōng不bù遗yí矣yǐ;;帝dì入rù北běi学xué,,上shàng贵guì而ér尊zūn爵jué,,则zé贵guì贱jiàn有yǒu等děng而ér下xià不bù矣yǐ;;帝dì入rù太tài学xué,,承chéng师shī问wèn道dào,,退tuì习xí而ér考kǎo于yú太tài傅fù,,太tài傅fù罚fá其qí不bù则zé而ér匡kuāng其qí不bù及jí,,则zé德dé智zhì长zhǎng而ér治zhì道dào得dé矣yǐ。。此cǐ五wǔ学xué者zhě既jì成chéng于yú上shàng,,则zé百bǎi姓xìng黎lí民mín化huà辑jí于yú下xià矣yǐ。。及jí太tài于yú既jì冠guān成chéng人rén,,免miǎn于yú保bǎo傅fù之zhī严yán,,则zé有yǒu记jì过guò之zhī史shǐ,,彻chè膳shàn之zhī宰zǎi,,进jìn善shàn之zhī旌jīng,,诽fěi谤bàng之zhī木mù,,敢gǎn谏jiàn之zhī鼓gǔ。。瞽gǔ史shǐ诵sòng诗shī,,工gōng诵sòng箴zhēn谏jiàn,,大dà夫fū进jìn谋móu,,士shì传chuán民mín语yǔ。。习xí与yǔ智zhì长zhǎng,,故gù切qiè而ér不bù媿kuì;;化huà与yǔ心xīn成chéng,,故gù中zhōng道dào若ruò性xìng。。三sān代dài之zhī礼lǐ::春chūn朝cháo朝cháo日rì,,秋qiū暮mù夕xī月yuè,,所suǒ以yǐ明míng有yǒu敬jìng也yě;;春chūn秋qiū入rù学xué,,坐zuò国guó老lǎo,,执zhí酱jiàng而ér亲qīn馈kuì之zhī,,所suǒ以yǐ明míng有yǒu孝xiào也yě;;行xíng以yǐ鸾luán和hé,,步bù中zhōng《《采cǎi齐qí》》,,趣qù中zhōng《《肆sì夏xià》》,,所suǒ以yǐ明míng有yǒu度dù也yě;;其qí于yú禽qín兽shòu,,见jiàn其qí生shēng不bù食shí其qí死sǐ,,闻wén其qí声shēng不bù食shí其qí肉ròu,,故gù远yuǎn庖páo厨chú,,所suǒ以yǐ长zhǎng恩ēn,,且qiě明míng有yǒu仁rén也yě。。

夫fū三sān代dài之zhī所suǒ以yǐ长zhǎng久jiǔ者zhě,,以yǐ其qí辅fǔ翼yì太tài子zi有yǒu此cǐ具jù也yě。。及jí秦qín而ér不bù然rán。。其qí俗sú固gù非fēi贵guì辞cí让ràng也yě,,所suǒ上shàng者zhě告gào讦jié也yě;;固gù非fēi贵guì礼lǐ义yì也yě,,所suǒ上shàng者zhě刑xíng罚fá也yě。。使shǐ赵zhào高gāo傅fù胡hú亥hài而ér教jiào之zhī狱yù,,所suǒ习xí者zhě非fēi斩zhǎn劓yì人rén,,则zé夷yí人rén之zhī三sān族zú也yě。。故gù胡hú亥hài今jīn日rì即jí位wèi而ér明míng日rì射shè人rén,,忠zhōng谏jiàn者zhě谓wèi之zhī诽fěi谤bàng,,深shēn计jì者zhě谓wèi之zhī妖yāo言yán,,其qí视shì杀shā人rén若ruò艾ài草cǎo菅jiān然rán。。岂qǐ惟wéi胡hú亥hài之zhī性xìng恶è哉zāi??彼bǐ其qí所suǒ以yǐ道dào之zhī者zhě非fēi其qí理lǐ故gù也yě。。

鄙bǐ谚yàn曰yuē::不bù习xí为wèi吏lì,,视shì已yǐ成chéng事shì。。又yòu曰yuē::前qián车chē覆fù,,后hòu车chē诫jiè。。夫fū三sān代dài之zhī所suǒ以yǐ长zhǎng久jiǔ者zhě,,其qí已yǐ事shì可kě知zhī也yě;;然rán而ér不bù能néng从cóng者zhě,,是shì不bù法fǎ圣shèng智zhì也yě。。秦qín世shì之zhī所suǒ以yǐ亟jí绝jué者zhě,,其qí辙zhé迹jī可kě见jiàn也yě;;然rán而ér不bù避bì,,是shì后hòu车chē又yòu将jiāng覆fù也yě。。夫fū存cún亡wáng之zhī变biàn,,治zhì乱luàn之zhī机jī,,其qí要yào在zài是shì矣yǐ。。天tiān下xià之zhī命mìng,,县xiàn于yú太tài子zi;;太tài子zi之zhī善shàn,,在zài于yú早zǎo谕yù教jiào与yǔ选xuǎn左zuǒ右yòu。。夫fū心xīn未wèi滥làn而ér先xiān谕yù教jiào,,则zé化huà易yì成chéng也yě;;开kāi于yú道dào术shù智zhì谊yì之zhī指zhǐ,,则zé教jiào之zhī力lì也yě。。若ruò其qí服fú习xí积jī贯guàn,,则zé左zuǒ右yòu而ér已yǐ。。夫fū胡hú、、粤yuè之zhī人rén,,生shēng而ér同tóng声shēng,,耆qí欲yù不bù异yì,,及jí其qí长zhǎng而ér成chéng俗sú,,累lèi数shù译yì而ér不bù能néng相xiāng通tōng,,行xíng者zhě有yǒu虽suī死sǐ而ér不bù相xiāng为wèi者zhě,,则zé教jiào习xí然rán也yě。。臣chén故gù曰yuē选xuǎn左zuǒ右yòu早zǎo谕yù教jiào最zuì急jí。。夫fū教jiào得dé而ér左zuǒ右yòu正zhèng,,则zé太tài子zi正zhèng矣yǐ,,太tài子zi正zhèng而ér天tiān下xià定dìng矣yǐ。。《《书shū》》曰yuē::一yī人rén有yǒu庆qìng,,兆zhào民mín赖lài之zhī。。此cǐ时shí务wù也yě。。

凡fán人rén之zhī智zhì,,能néng见jiàn已yǐ然rán,,不bù能néng见jiàn将jiāng然rán。。夫fū礼lǐ者zhě禁jìn于yú将jiāng然rán之zhī前qián,,而ér法fǎ者zhě禁jìn于yú己jǐ然rán之zhī后hòu,,是shì故gù法fǎ之zhī所suǒ用yòng易yì见jiàn,,而ér礼lǐ之zhī所suǒ为wèi生shēng难nán知zhī也yě。。若ruò夫fū庆qìng赏shǎng以yǐ劝quàn善shàn,,刑xíng罚fá以yǐ惩chéng恶è,,先xiān王wáng执zhí此cǐ之zhī政zhèng,,坚jiān如rú金jīn石shí,,行xíng此cǐ之zhī令lìng,,信xìn如rú四sì时shí,,据jù此cǐ之zhī公gōng,,无wú私sī如rú天tiān地dì耳ěr,,岂qǐ顾gù不bù用yòng哉zāi??然rán而ér曰yuē礼lǐ云yún礼lǐ云yún者zhě,,贵guì绝jué恶è于yú未wèi萌méng,,而ér起qǐ教jiào于yú微wēi眇miǎo,,使shǐ民mín日rì迁qiān善shàn远yuǎn罪zuì而ér不bù自zì知zhī也yě。。孔kǒng于yú曰yuē::听tīng讼sòng,,吾wú犹yóu人rén也yě,,必bì也yě使shǐ毋wú讼sòng乎hū!!为wèi人rén主zhǔ计jì者zhě,,莫mò如rú先xiān审shěn取qǔ舍shě,,取qǔ舍shě之zhī极jí定dìng于yú内nèi,,而ér安ān危wēi之zhī萌méng应yīng于yú外wài矣yǐ。。安ān者zhě非fēi一yī日rì而ér安ān也yě,,危wēi者zhě非fēi一yī日rì而ér危wēi也yě,,皆jiē以yǐ积jī渐jiàn然rán,,不bù可kě不bù察chá也yě。。人rén主zhǔ之zhī所suǒ积jī,,在zài其qí取qǔ舍shě,,以yǐ礼lǐ义yì治zhì之zhī者zhě,,积jī礼lǐ义yì;;以yǐ刑xíng罚fá治zhì之zhī者zhě,,积jī刑xíng罚fá。。刑xíng罚fá积jī而ér民mín怨yuàn背bèi,,札zhá义yì积jī而ér民mín和hé亲qīn。。故gù世shì主zhǔ欲yù民mín之zhī善shàn同tóng,,而ér所suǒ以yǐ使shǐ民mín善shàn者zhě或huò异yì。。或huò道dào之zhī以yǐ德dé教jiào,,或huò殴ōu之zhī以yǐ法fǎ令lìng。。道dào之zhī以yǐ德dé教jiào者zhě,,德dé教jiào洽qià而ér民mín气qì乐lè;;殴ōu之zhī以yǐ法fǎ令lìng者zhě,,法fǎ令lìng极jí而ér民mín风fēng哀āi。。哀āi乐lè之zhī感gǎn,,祸huò福fú之zhī应yīng也yě。。秦qín王wáng之zhī欲yù尊zūn宗zōng庙miào而ér安ān子zi孙sūn,,与yǔ汤tāng武wǔ同tóng,,然rán而ér汤tāng武wǔ广guǎng大dà其qí德dé行xíng,,六liù七qī百bǎi岁suì而ér弗fú失shī,,秦qín王wáng治zhì天tiān下xià,,十shí余yú岁suì则zé大dà败bài。。此cǐ亡wáng它tā故gù矣yǐ,,汤tāng武wǔ之zhī定dìng取qǔ舍shě审shěn而ér秦qín王wáng之zhī定dìng取qǔ舍shě不bù审shěn矣yǐ。。夫fū天tiān下xià,,大dà器qì也yě。。今jīn人rén之zhī置zhì器qì,,置zhì诸zhū安ān处chù则zé安ān,,置zhì诸zhū危wēi处chù则zé危wēi。。天tiān下xià之zhī情qíng与yǔ器qì亡wáng以yǐ异yì,,在zài天tiān子zi之zhī所suǒ置zhì之zhī。。汤tāng武wǔ置zhì天tiān下xià于yú仁rén义yì礼lǐ乐lè,,而ér德dé泽zé洽qià,,禽qín兽shòu草cǎo木mù广guǎng裕yù,,德dé被bèi蛮mán貊mò四sì夷yí,,累lèi子zi孙sūn数shù十shí世shì,,此cǐ天tiān下xià所suǒ共gòng闻wén也yě。。秦qín王wáng置zhì天tiān下xià于yú法fǎ令lìng刑xíng罚fá,,德dé泽zé亡wáng一yī有yǒu,,而ér怨yuàn毒dú盈yíng于yú世shì,,下xià憎zēng恶è之zhī如rú仇chóu,,祸huò几jǐ及jí身shēn,,子zi孙sūn诛zhū绝jué,,此cǐ天tiān下xià之zhī所suǒ共gòng见jiàn也yě。。是shì非fēi其qí明míng效xiào大dà验yàn邪xié!!人rén之zhī言yán曰yuē::听tīng言yán之zhī道dào,,必bì以yǐ其qí事shì观guān之zhī,,则zé言yán者zhě莫mò敢gǎn妄wàng言yán。。今jīn或huò言yán礼lǐ谊yì之zhī不bù如rú法fǎ令lìng,,教jiào化huà之zhī不bù如rú刑xíng罚fá,,人rén主zhǔ胡hú不bù引yǐn殷yīn、、周zhōu、、秦qín事shì以yǐ观guān之zhī也yě??

人rén主zhǔ之zhī尊zūn譬pì如rú堂táng,,群qún臣chén如rú陛bì,,众zhòng庶shù如rú地dì。。故gù陛bì九jiǔ级jí上shàng,,廉lián远yuǎn地dì,,则zé堂táng高gāo;;陛bì亡wáng级jí,,廉lián近jìn地dì,,则zé堂táng卑bēi。。高gāo者zhě难nán攀pān,,卑bēi者zhě易yì陵líng,,理lǐ势shì然rán也yě。。故gù古gǔ者zhě圣shèng王wáng制zhì为wèi等děng列liè,,内nèi有yǒu公gōng卿qīng大dà夫fū士shì,,外wài有yǒu公gōng侯hóu伯bó子zi男nán,,然rán后hòu有yǒu官guān师shī小xiǎo吏lì,,延yán及jí庶shù人rén,,等děng级jí分fēn明míng,,而ér天tiān子zi加jiā焉yān,,故gù其qí尊zūn不bù可kě及jí也yě。。里lǐ谚yàn曰yuē::欲yù投tóu鼠shǔ而ér忌jì器qì。。此cǐ善shàn谕yù也yě。。鼠shǔ近jìn于yú器qì,,尚shàng惮dàn不bù投tóu,,恐kǒng伤shāng其qí器qì,,况kuàng于yú贵guì臣chén之zhī近jìn主zhǔ乎hū!!廉lián耻chǐ节jié礼lǐ以yǐ治zhì君jūn子zi,,故gù有yǒu赐cì死sǐ而ér亡wáng戮lù辱rǔ。。是shì以yǐ黥qíng劓yì之zhī罪zuì不bù及jí太tài夫fū,,以yǐ其qí离lí主zhǔ上shàng不bù远yuǎn也yě,,礼lǐ不bù敢gǎn齿chǐ君jūn之zhī路lù马mǎ,,蹴cù其qí刍chú者zhě有yǒu罚fá;;见jiàn君jūn之zhī几jǐ杖zhàng则zé起qǐ,,遭zāo君jūn之zhī乘chéng车chē则zé下xià,,入rù正zhèng门mén则zé趋qū;;君jūn之zhī宠chǒng臣chén虽suī或huò有yǒu过guò,,刑xíng戮lù之zhī罪zuì不bù加jiā其qí身shēn者zhě,,尊zūn君jūn之zhī故gù也yě。。此cǐ所suǒ以yǐ为wèi主zhǔ上shàng豫yù远yuǎn不bù敬jìng也yě,,所suǒ以yǐ体tǐ貌mào大dà臣chén而ér厉lì其qí节jié也yě。。今jīn自zì王wáng侯hóu三sān公gōng之zhī贵guì,,皆jiē天tiān子zi之zhī所suǒ改gǎi容róng而ér礼lǐ之zhī也yě,,古gǔ天tiān子zi之zhī所suǒ谓wèi伯bó父fù、、伯bó舅jiù也yě,,而ér令lìng与yǔ众zhòng庶shù同tóng黥qíng劓yì刖yuè笞chī弃qì市shì之zhī法fǎ,,然rán则zé堂táng不bù亡wáng陛bì乎hū??被bèi戮lù辱rǔ者zhě不bù泰tài迫pò乎hū??廉lián耻chǐ不bù行xíng,,大dà臣chén无wú乃nǎi握wò重zhòng权quán,,大dà官guān而ér有yǒu徒tú隶lì亡wáng耻chǐ之zhī心xīn乎hū??夫fū望wàng夷yí之zhī事shì,,二èr世shì见jiàn当dāng以yǐ重zhòng法fǎ者zhě,,投tóu鼠shǔ而ér不bù忌jì器qì之zhī习xí也yě。。

臣chén闻wén之zhī,,履lǚ虽suī鲜xiān不bù加jiā于yú枕zhěn,,冠guān虽suī敝bì不bù以yǐ苴jū履lǚ。。夫fū尝cháng已yǐ在zài贵guì宠chǒng之zhī位wèi,,天tiān子zi改gǎi容róng而ér体tǐ貌mào之zhī矣yǐ,,吏lì民mín尝cháng俯fǔ伏fú以yǐ敬jìng畏wèi之zhī矣yǐ,,今jīn而ér有yǒu过guò,,帝dì令lìng废fèi之zhī可kě也yě,,退tuì之zhī可kě也yě,,赐cì之zhī死sǐ可kě也yě,,灭miè之zhī可kě也yě;;若ruò夫fū束shù缚fù之zhī,,系xì緤xiè之zhī,,输shū之zhī司sī寇kòu,,编biān之zhī徒tú官guān,,司sī寇kòu小xiǎo吏lì詈lì骂mà而ér榜bǎng笞chī之zhī,,殆dài非fēi所suǒ以yǐ令lìng众zhòng庶shù见jiàn也yě。。夫fū卑bēi贱jiàn者zhě习xí知zhī尊zūn贵guì者zhě之zhī一yī旦dàn,,吾wú亦yì乃nǎi可kě以yǐ加jiā此cǐ也yě,,非fēi所suǒ以yǐ习xí天tiān下xià也yě,,非fēi尊zūn尊zūn贵guì贵guì之zhī化huà也yě。。夫fū天tiān子zi之zhī所suǒ尝cháng敬jìng,,众zhòng庶shù之zhī所suǒ尝cháng宠chǒng,,死sǐ而ér死sǐ耳ěr,,贱jiàn人rén安ān宜yí得dé如rú此cǐ而ér顿dùn辱rǔ之zhī哉zāi!!

豫yù让ràng事shì中zhōng行xíng之zhī君jūn,,智zhì伯bó伐fá而ér灭miè之zhī,,移yí事shì智zhì伯bó。。及jí赵zhào灭miè智zhì伯bó,,豫yù让ràng衅xìn面miàn吞tūn炭tàn,,必bì报bào襄xiāng子zi,,五wǔ起qǐ而ér不bù中zhōng。。人rén问wèn豫yù子zi,,豫yù子zi曰yuē::中zhōng行xíng众zhòng人rén畜chù我wǒ,,我wǒ故gù众zhòng人rén事shì之zhī;;智zhì伯bó国guó士shì遇yù我wǒ,,我wǒ故gù国guó士shì报bào之zhī。。故gù此cǐ一yī豫yù让ràng也yě,,反fǎn君jūn事shì仇chóu,,行xíng若ruò狗gǒu彘zhì,,已yǐ而ér抗kàng节jié致zhì忠zhōng,,行xíng出chū乎hū列liè士shì,,人rén主zhǔ使shǐ然rán也yě。。故gù主zhǔ上shàng遇yù其qí大dà臣chén如rú遇yù犬quǎn马mǎ,,彼bǐ将jiāng犬quǎn马mǎ自zì为wèi也yě;;如rú遇yù官guān徒tú,,彼bǐ将jiāng官guān徒tú自zì为wèi也yě。。顽wán顿dùn亡wáng耻chǐ,,诟gòu亡wáng节jié,,廉lián耻chǐ不bù立lì,,且qiě不bù自zì好hǎo,,苟gǒu若ruò而ér可kě,,故gù见jiàn利lì则zé逝shì,,见jiàn便biàn则zé夺duó。。主zhǔ上shàng有yǒu败bài,,则zé因yīn而ér挺tǐng之zhī矣yǐ;;主zhǔ上shàng有yǒu患huàn,,则zé吾wú苟gǒu免miǎn而ér已yǐ,,立lì而ér观guān之zhī耳ěr;;有yǒu便biàn吾wú身shēn者zhě,,则zé欺qī卖mài而ér利lì之zhī耳ěr。。人rén主zhǔ将jiāng何hé便biàn于yú此cǐ??群qún下xià至zhì众zhòng,,而ér主zhǔ上shàng至zhì少shǎo也yě,,所suǒ托tuō财cái器qì职zhí业yè者zhě粹cuì于yú群qún下xià也yě。。俱jù亡wáng耻chǐ,,俱jù苟gǒu妄wàng,,则zé主zhǔ上shàng最zuì病bìng。。故gù古gǔ者zhě礼lǐ不bù及jí庶shù人rén,,刑xíng不bù至zhì大dà夫fū,,所suǒ以yǐ厉lì宠chǒng臣chén之zhī节jié也yě。。古gǔ者zhě大dà臣chén有yǒu坐zuò不bù廉lián而ér废fèi者zhě,,不bù谓wèi不bù廉lián,,曰yuē簠fǔ簋guǐ不bù饰shì;;坐zuò污wū秽huì淫yín乱luàn男nán女nǚ亡wáng别bié者zhě,,不bù曰yuē污wū秽huì,,曰yuē帷wéi薄báo不bù修xiū,,坐zuò罢bà软ruǎn不bù胜shèng任rèn者zhě,,不bù谓wèi罢bà软ruǎn,,曰yuē下xià官guān不bù职zhí。。故gù贵guì大dà臣chén定dìng有yǒu其qí罪zuì矣yǐ,,犹yóu未wèi斥chì然rán正zhèng以yǐ呼hū之zhī也yě,,尚shàng迁qiān就jiù而ér为wèi之zhī讳huì也yě。。故gù其qí在zài大dà谴qiǎn大dà何hé之zhī域yù者zhě,,闻wén谴qiǎn何hé则zé白bái冠guān缨yīng,,盘pán水shuǐ加jiā剑jiàn,,造zào请qǐng室shì而ér请qǐng罪zuì耳ěr,,上shàng不bù执zhí缚fù系xì引yǐn而ér行xíng也yě。。其qí有yǒu中zhōng罪zuì者zhě,,闻wén命mìng而ér自zì弛chí,,上shàng不bù使shǐ人rén颈jǐng而ér加jiā也yě。。其qí有yǒu大dà罪zuì者zhě,,闻wén命mìng则zé北běi面miàn再zài拜bài,,跌diē而ér自zì裁cái,,上shàng不bù使shǐ捽zuó抑yì而ér刑xíng之zhī也yě,,曰yuē::子zi大dà夫fū自zì有yǒu过guò耳ěr!!吾wú遇yù子zi有yǒu礼lǐ矣yǐ。。遇yù之zhī有yǒu礼lǐ,,故gù群qún臣chén自zì憙xī;;婴yīng以yǐ廉lián耻chǐ,,故gù人rén矜jīn节jié行xíng。。上shàng设shè廉lián礼lǐ义yì以yǐ遇yù其qí臣chén,,而ér臣chén不bù以yǐ节jié行xíng报bào其qí上shàng者zhě,,则zé非fēi人rén类lèi也yě。。故gù化huà成chéng俗sú定dìng,,则zé为wèi人rén臣chén者zhě主zhǔ耳ěr忘wàng身shēn,,国guó耳ěr忘wàng家jiā,,公gōng耳ěr忘wàng私sī,,利lì不bù苟gǒu就jiù,,害hài不bù苟gǒu去qù,,唯wéi义yì所suǒ在zài。。上shàng之zhī化huà也yě,,故gù父fù兄xiōng之zhī臣chén诚chéng死sǐ宗zōng庙miào,,法fǎ度dù之zhī臣chén诚chéng死sǐ社shè稷jì,,辅fǔ翼yì之zhī臣chén诚chéng死sǐ君jūn上shàng,,守shǒu圄yǔ扞gǎn敌dí之zhī臣chén诚chéng死sǐ城chéng郭guō封fēng疆jiāng。。故gù曰yuē圣shèng人rén有yǒu金jīn城chéng者zhě,,比bǐ物wù此cǐ志zhì也yě。。彼bǐ且qiě为wèi我wǒ死sǐ,,故gù吾wú得dé与yǔ之zhī俱jù生shēng;;彼bǐ且qiě为wèi我wǒ亡wáng,,故gù吾wú得dé与yǔ之zhī俱jù存cún;;夫fū将jiāng为wèi我wǒ危wēi,,故gù吾wú得dé与yǔ之zhī皆jiē安ān。。顾gù行xíng而ér忘wàng利lì,,守shǒu节jié而ér仗zhàng义yì,,故gù可kě以yǐ托tuō不bù御yù之zhī权quán,,可kě以yǐ寄jì六liù尺chǐ之zhī孤gū。。此cǐ厉lì廉lián耻chǐ行xíng礼lǐ谊yì之zhī所suǒ致zhì也yě,,主zhǔ上shàng何hé丧sàng焉yān!!此cǐ之zhī不bù为wèi,,而ér顾gù彼bǐ之zhī久jiǔ行xíng,,故gù曰yuē可kě为wèi长zhǎng太tài息xī者zhě此cǐ也yě。。

贾谊简介

唐代·贾谊的简介

贾谊

贾谊(前200~前168),汉族,洛阳(今河南省洛阳市东)人,字太傅。西汉初年著名的政论家、文学家。18岁即有才名,年轻时由河南郡守吴公推荐,20余岁被文帝召为博士。不到一年被破格提为太中大夫。但是在23岁时,因遭群臣忌恨,被贬为长沙王的太傅。后被召回长安,为梁怀王太傅。梁怀王坠马而死后,贾谊深自歉疚,直至33岁忧伤而死。其著作主要有散文和辞赋两类。散文如《过秦论》、《论积贮疏》、《陈政事疏》等都很有名;辞赋以《吊屈原赋》、《鵩鸟赋》最著名。

...〔 ► 贾谊的诗(8篇) 〕